血管疾病 是人体 循环系统 的动脉 和静脉 的一类血管 疾病。血管疾病是心血管疾病 的一个亚组。庞大的血管网络中的疾病会导致一系列健康问题,有时会变得严重。[1]
血管疾病可分為數種類型,症状因疾病类型而异。类型包括:[2]
发病机制 [ 编辑 ]
内皮排列在血管的内壁上
血管疾病是大、中肌肉动脉的一种病理状态,由内皮细胞 功能障碍引发。[10] 由于病原体 等因素,氧化 的低密度脂蛋白 颗粒和其他炎症 刺激内皮细胞变得活跃。[11] 该过程导致血管壁增厚,形成由增殖的平滑肌细胞 、巨噬细胞 和淋巴细胞 组成的斑块。[12] [13] 斑块导致血流受限,减少到达某些器官的氧气和营养物质的量。[14] 该斑块也可能破裂,导致凝块形成。[15]
由于血管疾病可引起多种症状,因此诊断血管疾病可能很复杂。回顾患者的家族史 和进行体格检查 是做出诊断的重要步骤。体检可能因疑似血管疾病的类型而异。例如,在外周血管疾病 的情况下,体检包括检查患者腿部的血流 。[16] [17]
外周血管疾病-溃疡
治疗因所治疗的血管疾病类型而异。在治疗肾动脉疾病方面,2014年的一项研究表明,球囊血管成形术可以改善舒张压,并可能减少抗高血压药物的需求。[18] 对于四肢动脉疾病,预防并发症的治疗很重要; 未经治疗,可能会出现疮或坏疽(组织死亡)。
通常,血管疾病的治疗可能包括:[19]
降低胆固醇 水平
降低血压
降低血糖
饮食变化
增加体育锻炼
减肥
戒烟
减压
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
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