桑科
桑科 | |
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無花果樹(Ficus carica) | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 薔薇類植物 Rosids |
目: | 薔薇目 Rosales |
科: | 桑科 Moraceae Gaudich., 1835 |
模式屬 | |
桑屬 Morus L., 1753
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族[1] | |
桑科(學名:Moraceae)是真雙子葉植物薔薇目的一科,包括40個屬,超過一千種,廣泛分布在熱帶和亞熱帶地區,只有少數種能生活在溫帶地區,中國有16屬約160餘種。
形態[編輯]
本科植物為:
- 落葉或常綠灌木或喬木,有時藤本,組織中具有乳狀液汁。
- 葉互生或對生,全緣或分裂,托葉早落。
- 花小,單性同株或異株,常密集成頭狀、穗狀或柔荑狀花序,或生於一中空的花序托內面,花被片通常4枚,雄蕊和花被片同數,對生,子房上位或下位,一或兩室,每室有胚珠一個。
- 果實各式,或為各自分離的瘦果,如大麻;或為由多數聚生心皮組成的復果,有桑樹;或為一種復果,包藏於一肉質、囊狀的花托內,如無花果樹。
分類[編輯]
- 桂木族(Artocarpeae)[2]
- 巴拿馬橡膠樹族(Castilleae)[3]
- 琉桑族(Dorstenieae)
- 榕族[5]
- 榕屬Ficus
- 桑族(Moreae)[6]
- 桑橙族(Maclureae)[1]
- 桑橙屬(橙桑屬)Maclura
- 苞桂木族 Parartocarpeae
系統分類學[編輯]
下圖為桑科的系統分類樹[7]:
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參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Moraceae. In Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since].
- ^ Genera of Moraceae tribe Artocarpeae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2009-03-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ Genera of Moraceae tribe Castilleae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2009-03-11]. (原始內容存檔於2012-05-26).
- ^ Genera of Moraceae tribe Dorstenieae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2009-03-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ Genera of Moraceae tribe Ficeae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2009-03-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ Genera of Moraceae tribe Moreae. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2009-03-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-24).
- ^ Gardner, Elliot M.; Zerega, Nyree J. C. Delimitation of the new tribe Parartocarpeae (Moraceae) is supported by a 333-gene phylogeny and resolves tribal level Moraceae taxonomy. Phytotaxa. 2019-01-23, 388 (4): 253–265 [2019-02-24]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.388.4.1. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-24) (英語).
參考書目[編輯]
- Datwyler, Shannon L. & Weiblen, George D. (2004): On the origin of the fig:Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences. American Journal of Botany 91(5): 767-777. PDF fulltext (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F. & Donoghue, Michael J. (2008): Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.
- Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Morawetz, Jeffery; Pires, J. Chris; Nepokroeff, Molly; Conti, Elena; Zjhra, Michelle; Hall, Jocelyn C. & Chase, Mark W. (2002): Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnL-F, and ndhF sequences. American Journal of Botany 89(9): 1531-1546. PDF fulltext (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Zerega, Nyree J. C.; Clement, Wendy L.; Datwyler, Shannon L. & Weiblen, George D. (2005): Biogroegraphy and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37(2): 402-416. doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004 PDF fulltext
外部連結[編輯]
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