User:ItMarki/俄罗斯方块效应

典型的《俄罗斯方块》界面。长时间游玩此类游戏的人可能会在视野边缘上看到这些移动图像，闭眼时或睡前也会如此。

《俄罗斯方块》效应是指某人花费很多时间，非常专心做某项活动，导致该活动开始塑造他的思维、心像和梦。它的名字来自《俄罗斯方块》。

长时间游玩《俄罗斯方块》的人有时会思考现实世界的各种形状能如何拼凑，比如超市货架上的盒子或街道上的建筑。他们可能会看到各种颜色的方块有规律地降落在视野边缘上。他们可能会在睡前看到这些图像移动，这是一种睡前幻觉。

感受到这个效应的人可能会发现自己不能防止这些思想、图像或梦出现。

游玩电子游戏的长期影响已经得到深入研究，称为游戏转移现象（game transfer phenomena，GTP）。

Other examples

People who spend long periods of time at sea, such as passengers and crews aboard cruise ships, may experience an illusory feeling that they are moving when standing on solid ground after returning to shore, a phenomenon referred to as sea legs.

The Tetris effect can occur with other video games. It has also been known to occur with non-video games, such as the illusion of curved lines after doing a jigsaw puzzle, the checker pattern of a chess board (or imagining chess pieces in unrelated objects or phenomena), or the involuntary mental visualisation of Rubik's Cube algorithms common among speedcubers.

The earliest example that relates to a computer game was created by the game Spacewar! As documented in Steven Levy's book Hackers: "Peter Samson, second only to Saunders in Spacewarring, realized this one night when he went home to Lowell. As he stepped out of the train, he stared upward into the crisp, clear sky. A meteor flew overhead. Where's the spaceship? Samson thought as he instantly swiveled back and grabbed the air for a control box that wasn’t there." (p. 52.)

Robert Stickgold reported on his own experiences of proprioceptive imagery from rock climbing. Another example, sea legs, are a kind of Tetris effect. A person newly on land after spending long periods at sea may sense illusory rocking motion, having become accustomed to the constant work of adjusting to the boat making such movements (see "Illusions of self-motion" and "Mal de debarquement"). The poem "Boots" by Rudyard Kipling describes the effect, resulting from repetitive visual experience during a route march:

'Tain't—so—bad—by—day because o' company,

But—night—brings—long—strings—o' forty thousand million
Boots—boots—boots—boots—movin' up an' down again.

There's no discharge in the war!

——Rudyard Kipling，Boots

Mathematicians have reported dreaming of numbers or equations; for example Srinivasa Ramanujan, or Friedrich Engel, who remarked "last week in a dream I gave a chap my shirt-buttons to differentiate, and he ran off with them".

Place in cognition

Stickgold et al. (2000) have proposed that Tetris-effect imagery is a separate form of memory, likely related to procedural memory. This is from their research in which they showed that people with anterograde amnesia, unable to form new declarative memories, reported dreaming of falling shapes after playing Tetris during the day, despite not being able to remember playing the game at all.

Game transfer phenomena

A series of empirical studies with over 6,000 gamers has been conducted since 2010 into game transfer phenomena (GTP), a broadening of the Tetris effect concept coined by Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari in her thesis. GTP is not limited to altered visual perceptions or mental processes but also includes auditory, tactile and kinaesthetic sensory perceptions, sensations of unreality, and automatic behaviours with video game content. GTP establishes the differences between endogenous (e.g., seeing images with closed eyes, hearing music in the head) and exogenous phenomena (e.g., seeing power bars above people's head, hearing sounds coming from objects associated with a video game) and between involuntary (e.g., saying something involuntarily with video game content) and voluntary behaviours (e.g., using slang from the video game for amusement). Awareness of GTP among healthcare professionals is currently lacking, resulting in documented cases of misdiagnosed psychosis and unnecessary use of anti-psychotics in patients who were experiencing GTP. Recent research has begun to explore other clinical applications of GTP, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

History

The earliest known reference to the term appears in Jeffrey Goldsmith's article, "This is Your Brain on Tetris", published in Wired in May 1994:

No home was sweet without a Game Boy in 1990. That year, I stayed "for a week" with a friend in Tokyo, and Tetris enslaved my brain. At night, geometric shapes fell in the darkness as I lay on loaned tatami floor space. Days, I sat on a lavender suede sofa and played Tetris furiously. During rare jaunts from the house, I visually fit cars and trees and people together. [...]

The Tetris effect is a biochemical, reductionistic metaphor, if you will, for curiosity, invention, the creative urge. To fit shapes together is to organize, to build, to make deals, to fix, to understand, to fold sheets. All of our mental activities are analogous, each as potentially addictive as the next.

The term was rediscovered by Earling (1996), citing a use of the term by Garth Kidd in February 1996. Kidd described "after-images of the game for up to days afterwards" and "a tendency to identify everything in the world as being made of four squares and attempt to determine 'where it fits in'". Kidd attributed the origin of the term to computer-game players from Adelaide, Australia. The earliest description of the general phenomenon appears in Neil Gaiman's science fiction poem "Virus" (1987) in Digital Dreams. The ending of The Witness resembles the Tetris effect, where the unnamed protagonist is taken out of the game's virtual reality and sees the game's puzzles in real-world objects. It is also suggested as early as 1930 in Vladimir Nabokov’s novel The Defence, featuring a chess player who begins to see elements of Chess in real-world situations, eventually driving him to madness.

In 2018, the term was announced as the name of a new Tetris game on the PlayStation 4 by Enhance.

See also

• Automaticity
• Domino effect
• Earworm
• Fixation (psychology)
• Highway hypnosis
• Neuroplasticity
• Tetromino
• Video game addiction
• Phantom vibration syndrome
• Derealization

External links

• Leutwyler, Kristin. Tetris Dreams. Scientific American. 16 October 2000. 
• Game Transfer Phenomena
• FR Legends 2023